The English Array
Thurstan inspired a crusading spirit at York, where the diocesan forces gathered after three days of fasting, almsgiving, and penance, followed by solemn absolution; though he wis…
The Galloway Charge
On Tuesday, August 22, the English forces arrayed on Cowton Moor near Northallerton, with Walter Lespec, founder of Kirkham and Rievaux, standing atop the Standard cart to address…
The King’s Son Charges
The Standard itself was a cart bearing a mast topped by a silver pyx containing the Host, with consecrated banners of St. Peter of York, St. John of Beverley, and St.…
David’s Stand and Retreat
The Scottish host was divided into four divisions: the Galwegians, who claimed the honor of the first charge; the Cumbrians, men of Teviotdale, and Eustace Fitz-John’s followers;…
Henry’s Counterattack
The English formed a single compact mass around the Standard, with barons and their followers in the center, archers mingled in front, shire-levies in the rear, and a small detach…
Casualties and Booty
The wild Galwegians charged headlong against the English front, only to have their spears and javelins glance harmlessly off helmets and shields while their unarmored bodies were…
Victors Return in Solemn Procession
The second Scottish line under Prince Henry charged more effectively, but an Englishman raised a gory head on a pole crying it was David’s, causing the Scottish center to flee wit…
Surrender of Carham
David fought on almost alone until his attendants dragged him from the field, lifted him onto a horse, and compelled his retreat; on sighting the dragon on his standard his scatte…
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