Henry of Winchester’s Legatine Commission
Stephen’s arrest of two bishops roused the whole English Church, which now had a fully qualified spokesman in Henry, bishop of Winchester, who had received the legatine commission…
The Council of Winchester: Compromise and Penance
The council sat for three days, with the legate formally charging Stephen with sacrilege for laying violent hands on bishops and appropriating their lands and goods, while the kin…
Geoffrey of Anjou’s Failed Campaigns in Normandy
Geoffrey of Anjou’s attempts on Normandy failed repeatedly: in October 1136 he was wounded in the foot while besieging Le Sap and fled before the united Norman resistance; in spri…
The Burning of Toucques and Angevin Disgrace
In November Geoffrey marched on Toucques, one of Normandy’s most flourishing seaport towns, whose burghers were taken captive “seated in their own arm-chairs” while the Angevins f…
The Empress’s Arrival in England
Neither Geoffrey nor his wife made any further move until late in the following summer, when a prospect was opened for them beyond the sea by Stephen’s arrest of the two bishops:…
第五章
CHAPTER V. The chapter’s concluding fragment (the seventh of seven) consists entirely of scholarly footnote references drawn from primary and secondary medieval sources.…
第五章
CHAPTER V. The seventh fragment of Chapter V sustains the chapter’s reliance on Ordericus Vitalis as its principal narrative source while broadening the documentary base to in…
第六章
CHAPTER VI. opens the main narrative of the civil conflict between King Stephen and the Empress Matilda, beginning with Matilda’s landing in England in late September 1139 and continuing through the descent upon Lincoln that sets the stage for the Battle of Lincoln on Candlemas…
The original text of this work is in the public domain. This page focuses on a guided summary article, reading notes, selected quotes, and visual learning materials for educational purposes.