Northern England After the Conqueror’s Harrying
Northern England After the Conqueror’s Harrying Western Yorkshire showed little progress of cultivation, while its eastern half had not recovered from the Conqueror’s harrying in…
York and Its Merchant Gild
York and Its Merchant Gild York retained its ecclesiastical primacy and commercial greatness, its merchants secured by a royal charter.…
Carlisle Restored by William Rufus
Carlisle Restored by William Rufus Carlisle, destroyed by the Danes in 875 and desolate for over two centuries, was restored by William Rufus in 1092 when he drove out the English…
Newcastle-upon-Tyne
Newcastle-upon-Tyne Newcastle-upon-Tyne arose around a fortress originally built for defence against the Scots, growing into an industrial community with customs regulating both i…
Beverley and Northern Isolation
Beverley and Northern Isolation Beverley, built around the minster of S. John on the marshy flats of Holderness, attained sufficient consequence to obtain from Archbishop Thurstan…
Physical Obstacles to Northern Travel
Physical Obstacles to Northern Travel The northern isolation owed much to physical obstacles: the West Riding was then mainly moor and woodland stretching from Wakefield to the Pe…
Lincoln Under Norman Rule
Lincoln Under Norman Rule Lincoln rose to new importance under Norman rule through the transformation of two quarters: the south-western was covered by the Conqueror’s castle, swe…
The See of Remigius at Lincoln
The See of Remigius at Lincoln Bishop Remigius of Dorchester forsook his lowly home in the Thames valley to plant his bishopstool at Lincoln on the hill, where an earlier church o…
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