Report of the President's Commission on the Assassination of President John F. Kennedy

APPENDIX XVI

Appendix XVI consists of a numbered sequence of 332 footnote-style citations (A16-1 through A16-332) that provide evidentiary support for the claims, findings, and narrative set forth in Chapter VIII. Each citation entry functions as a sourcing reference, typically consisting of one or more of the following types of documentary or testimonial record materials: Commission Exhibits (CE):** The dominant source category, with numbered exhibits ranging from the 1100s through the 1700s (e.g., CE 1181–1189, CE 1190–1210, CE 1222–1276, CE 1281–1299, CE 1500–1575, CE 1616–1712). These include documentary exhibits, investigative reports, and Commission-prepared materials. Hearings volumes (H):** References to volumes 5, 12, 13, 14, and 15 of the Hearings, citing testimony from witnesses including Hyman Rubenstein (15 H), Eva Grant (14 H), Sam Ruby (14 H), Earl Ruby (14 H), Eileen Kaminsky (15 H), Alice Nichols (14 H), Ralph Paul (14 H), C. Ray Hall (deposition references also appear as DE), Andrew Armstrong Jr. (13 H), Curtis Laverne Crafard (13 H), Joseph W. Johnson Jr. (15 H), Nancy Powell (15 H), Thomas S. Palmer (15 H), Marjorie Richey (15 H), T. M. Hansen (15 H), Joseph L. Peterson (14 H), Breck Wall (14 H), William D. Crowe Jr. (15 H), August M. Eberhardt (12 H), Stanley M. Kaufman (15 H), Jack Ruby (5 H, 14 H, 15 H), Joseph Rossi, and Karen Carlin (12 H). Depositions (DE):** Depositions from Mrs. Alice Nichols (DE 5355), C. Ray Hall (DE 1, DE 2, DE 3), Sam Ruby (DE 1), Earl Ruby (DE 4), Ralph Paul (DE 5319), and Joseph Rossi (DE 1). Cross-references:** Many entries include comparative (“cf.”), contradictory (“but cf.”), or supporting (“see also,” “see generally”) internal cross-references to other footnotes, exhibits, or pages of the main text (e.g., “p. 780 supra,” “p. 781 supra,” “p. 783 supra,” “p. 788 supra,” “p. 789 supra,” “p. 791 supra,” “p. 793 infra”). The citation stream moves through the following substantive clusters, which mirror the topical progression of Chapter VIII: 1. Preliminary cross-references and introductory sources (A16-1 – A16-20): Cross-references to CE 1286, CE 1290, and CE 1254; foundational testimony of Hyman Rubenstein (15 H) on subjects later supported by CE 1281, 1283, 1284, and 1297; and the initial statements of Eva Grant (14 H 439) and Earl Ruby (14 H 366). 2. Testimony of the Ruby family and household acquaintances (A16-21 – A16-79): Detailed sourcing to Rubenstein testimony (15 H), Grant testimony (14 H 437–445), and CE 1281 (a substantial document cited repeatedly by page, e.g., pp. 10–12, 14, 20–23, 35–48), supplemented by references to the C. Ray Hall and Sam Ruby depositions. 3. Investigative exhibits concerning background and associations (A16-80 – A16-140): Exhibits CE 1185, 1191–1200, 1238, 1241, 1253, 1256, 1261, 1263, 1274, 1282, and 1289 (pp. 2–5), along with corroborating hearing testimony from Earl Ruby, Sam Ruby, Alice Nichols, C. Ray Hall, and Hyman Rubenstein. 4. Business and operational records (A16-141 – A16-190): Sourcing through C. Ray Hall DE 1, DE 3, and exhibits CE 1190, 1206, 1211, 1230 (p. 593), 1236, 1237, 1239, 1241, 1244, 1246, 1248, 1249, 1263, 1278, 1279, 1289 (pp. 2–3), 1292, 1293, 1318, 1319, 1323, and 1324, as well as testimony from Jack Ruby (5 H 200, 14 H 523). 5. Travel, contacts, and Oswald-related materials (A16-191 – A16-240): Exhibits CE 1200–1258, 1267, 1274, 1288, 1289, 1299, 1321, and supporting testimony from Rubenstein, Earl Ruby, and Grant. 6. Specific transactions, deliveries, and exhibits CE 1702–1712 (A16-241 – A16-264): A dense cluster citing C. Ray Hall DE 1, DE 2, and DE 3 (pp. 13–14), CE 1250, 1251, 1265, 1271, 1272, 1273, 1300, 1708, 1709, 1710, 1711, and testimony from Eva Grant (14 H 449–454), Sam Ruby (14 H 493), and Earl Ruby (14 H 371, 423). 7. Witnesses Alice Nichols and Ralph Paul, and figures at the Carousel Club (A16-265 – A16-289): Testimony of Alice Nichols (14 H 115–117, 120), Ralph Paul (14 H 136–143), C. Ray Hall, and Sam Ruby, with supporting exhibits CE 1500, 1504, 1538, 1569, 1675, and others. 8. Oswald-related testimony and exhibits concerning the figure of Curtis Laverne Crafard, Kay Olsen, and associates (A16-290 – A16-332): Testimony from Andrew Armstrong Jr. (13 H 319–369), Crafard (13 H 67–68, 436, 500), Thomas S. Palmer (15 H 208–214), Marjorie Richey (15 H 199–201), Nancy Powell (15 H 410–417), Joseph W. Johnson Jr. (15 H 219–222), William D. Crowe Jr. (15 H 99–100), Joseph L. Peterson (14 H 616–619), Breck Wall (14 H 601–605), August M. Eberhardt (12 H 184), Stanley M. Kaufman (15 H 518), and Karen Carlin (12 H 216). Substantial exhibit citations in the 1500s and 1600s (e.g., CE 1500–1575, 1616–1687) support this final cluster, which closes with CE 1575 as the final cited item. Throughout the appendix, the citation density is heavy and overlapping: the same exhibit, hearing page, or deposition page is often invoked multiple times across the footnote stream to support different propositions, and “cf.” and “but cf.” parentheticals are used to note conflicts among the cited materials. The appendix functions as a comprehensive evidentiary index to Chapter VIII rather than as a freestanding narrative, and it does not contain substantive prose of its own beyond its list of supporting authorities.