The frame narrative structure
The novel uses three nested narratives: Walton’s letters frame Victor’s story, which itself contains the creature’s autobiographical account, creating multiple perspectives on the same tragedy.
Scientific context of the era
Shelley incorporates galvanism and alchemical traditions popular in her time, grounding the supernatural elements in contemporary scientific debate about the nature of life itself.
The Romantic context
Written during the Romantic period, the novel reflects concerns about industrialization, the limits of human knowledge, and humanity’s relationship with nature.